Alloy



. 1,3 7 5,08 2 I Specification of Iiette rs Patent.

ito Drawing.

- make the alloy highly desirable for usein- .the fabrication of.articles that may be used -molybdenum.

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To all whom it concern." v

Be'it kn 'wn that I, ALVAH CLEMENT, a citizen of the United States,residing at of Cuyahoga and Cleveland in the county State of hio, haveinvented .a' certain new and useful Improvement in Alloys, of whichthe-following is a full, clear, and exact. de-

scription. I a

The purpose and object of the invention about to be. described is theproduction of an alloy which shall embody qualities that in the handlingof corrosive liquids such as acids, and whlch shall; at the same timepossess physical properties which permit it to be easily worked,machined, and other- Wise manipulated in the fabrication of articles by.tools and methods which are at present employed in .working metals.

The proposed alloy further possesses properties which-make it valuablefor use as an electrical resistance element, the alloy. being high initsspecific resistance, at the same time possessing the physical propertiesof ductility and malleability which permits of its being Wire form.

Generally speaking, the invention com-- prises the elements set forth inthe accompanying claims.

a The alloy herein proposed, in its broadest aspect comprises an allo ofnickel and Both of .t ese elements in their metallic-state have acidresisting properties, and when they are combined in the form of an alloythe resisting properties are enhanced.

The proportions of nickel and molybdenum whichmay be used for thepurpose, may be varied through a wide range, but because. of the highprice of metallic molybdenum, or the source from which molybdenum maybe'obtained for alloying purposes,

it is desirable to use in the alloy as high a percentage I of nickel aspossible without sacrificing the desired qualities in the alloy.

. An alloy consisting ofsubstantially 90 of nickel and substantially 10per cent, ofv

molybdenumis the best alloy for the purpose desired. However, in View ofthe fact that molybdenum alloyed with iron is easier and clieaer toobtain than the pure molybdenum, an alloy of percent. nickel, 10

per cent. molybdenum and 10 per cent. iron Application fled-August 15,1918. Serial no. 249,950.

rolled into sheets or drawn into final alloy.

slum thus added, imparts tothe final alloy, I

iron. v

TThe alloy which has been described, pose sesses the physical propertiesofductility,

high tensile strength, and is easily machin- A coaromfrron or 01110. 1

Patented 19', 1921'.

THE CLEVELAND imliiss 1 v will produce very satisfactoryresults, andforms. a"very diluent and useful-alloy for the purposes desired.

In the making of the alloy, a is desirable, 7 1

however, to utilize certain other elements for propertles wh ch theyimpart to the alloy, and for this reason I have foundit desirable to.such an extent as wil appear alloy from';} to of 1' percent. a I a sofind t advisable to use some mangatouse silicon in the p-ro"ortion ofthe alloy in the final V ss nese, this being small however, notless thanThe silicon increases the fluidity of the substantially of 1% but notexceeding -of 1 per cent.

alloythereby increasing the ease with which.

it may be handled during: the pouring. Th

manganese tends to increase -the tensile strength. The manganese,however, must be kept low'inorder not to counteract other desirablequalitles in thealloy, to wit, malle'- ability and ductility Itlsdesirable to add-to the alloy at' the time the nickel is melting a'verysmall amount of magnesium, less than 1 per cent, the amount ofmagnesium being so small that it does not appearin' an The smallam'ountof magnephysical properties which enhance its-workability, suchas wiring and drawin p Itmay'be desirable also, to ad ll ajverysmall-quantity of vanadium to 'act as a scavenger, to clear thestructure and give a good grain to the alloy. i

In using silicon and manganese, or any'of analysis of the the otherelements mentioned, the amount of elements being ad able. The alloy isresistant to corrosive liquids "such as certain acids, particularly colddilute sulfuric, nitric and hydrochloric approximately 200 Fahrenheit.

above, cobalt may be used in place of nickel,

' nickel and molybdenum in the final alloy will be kept as hi h aspossible,the' other ed at the expense Of 5 and in, the case ofarticles-whichmay be made to use in connection with the handling ofdilute hydrochloric acid,- an alloy as above' specified, in which cobalti5 substi tuted for the nickel, is preferable.

Because of the machinabihty and other physical properties which havebeen mentioned, together with its resistance to corrosion by acids, suchan alloy is h1ghlyadvantageous for use in the manufacture ofcontainers,'p1pes, cocks, pumps, and "other articles which go to makeupequipment for I lead, z nc, copper or tin, and thus these elehandlingacids asbefore specified.

In fact, the alloy is of general use for the fabricationof any article vwhere the property of resistance to corrosion of the dilute acids beforementioned is to be overcome.

An alloy of nickel and molybdenum, or cob'altmolybdenum? possessescertain properties which make it highly useful tobe' used as anelectrical resistance. material.

The ductility of the alloy permits its readily being rolled into sheetsor drawn into wire,

which are physical properties necessary in making electrical resistancematerial.

: Furthermore, the alloy hasfhigh specific resistance which makes it agood resistance element for heating purposes; An'alloy of molybdenumwith nickel or cobalt and iron 'in the proportions which have heretoforebeen mentioned, .may' alsobe advantageously iisedas an electricalresistance element.

In'the use of the alloy in this connection,

theiamoun't of manganese utilized would be 5 slightly higher than thatwhich" here toforle'; been "specified.

" In an alloy of hi ki" and molybdenum,

magnanese to the extent of 3'o r l per cent. might be used. In "fact,manganese could be j used to as great an extent as possible, up to' thepointwhere it would afie'ct the malle ability and ductility of thefinal-alloy.

' In the event that an alloy. of; .nickel-or molybdenum and'iron isus.ed',-the-amount of manganese which could be employed would be less,probably from 1 5m 2 pe'r cent. An alloy of nickel and molybdenum ornickel, molybdenum and'iron with manga'-- I nose for electricalresistance purposes, would be prepared by the addtion ofsmall amounts of:xna'gnesiumor aluminum to the metal when 1n melted condition,the'addition of magnesium increasing the workability, that is to say,theproperties of easy rolling and I drawing, and both elements beingeasily i I .oxidizable' form a protecting film of oxid,

thus. preventing further oxidization'of the alloy; 1 I

In using the'alloys for electrical resistance I J purposes, the siliconemployed might be slightly higher than that which was men- I t'ioned inthe earlier part of the specification} y but also assists. in preventingoxidization of The'silicon not only increases the resistance,

he alloy when used as. an electrical .resistance element...

- Theioregoing'alloys molybdenum and nickel,- or cobalt, and'ofmolybdenum, iron 'revaoee dization at moderate temperatures, which andnickel,or cobalt, beingsubject'tooxioxids are largely composedofmolybde'n'um oxid. This oxid forms a resistantcoatlng' andI have foundthat the alloy is available for' use for making .or linin vessels orpots in which brass,.bronze, or orms of ferrousmetals are heated.

,The alloy is not attacked ali'e'cted by melted or handled while inheated melted state in vessels composed of the, alloys hereinproposedwithout corrosion of the vessel. 5

Doubtless other uses may found for .ments or combinations of them may beparticular properties in- 7 Having described my'invention I claim 1. Analloy containingas its principal ingredients-molybdenum and a metalhavingthe properties of nickel and cobalt together greater than 4%. I

2. :An alloy conta manganese.

not greater than 90 :per cent. and a metal having the properties ofmanganese in amount not-less than substantially of 1% but not greaterthan 4 per cent.

i ing as its principal ingredients molybdenum and a metal having theproperties of nickel and cobalt together with an element having theproperties of with an appreciable amount of manganese, the manganese,be1ng\npresent in'amounts not.

4. An alloy contalning'as-its principal in gredient's molybdenum, inamount 'not greater than 10 per cent.,'a metal having the properties ofnickel andcobalt in amount from 80 to 90 per cent. and a metal havingthe properties of manganese in amount not less than substantially of 1%but not greater than 4 per cent.

5. An alloy containing substantially 80 per cent. of a metal having theproperties of nickel and cobalt,".substantially 10- per' cent ofmolybdenum, substantiallyf th per .cent..to 4 per cent. of'mangan thmainder of iron. v

In testimony whereof,I hereunto affix my signature.

'ALviiH w. CLEMENT..

